A.图中,当打开门时,永磁体远离干簧管,干簧管断开,线圈中没有电流,线圈没有产生磁场,线圈对开关没有吸引力作用,开关在弹簧作用下同右侧接口连接,右侧电路断开,指示灯熄灭,不符合题意,故A错误;
B.图中,当打开门时,永磁体远离干簧管,干簧管断开,线圈中没有电流,线圈没有产生磁场,线圈对开关没有吸引力作用,开关在弹簧作用下同右侧接口连接,右侧电路闭合,指示灯亮,符合题意,故B正确;
C.图中,当门紧闭时,永磁体靠近干簧管,干簧管闭合,be间直接与电源连接,be间的电压足够大,此时三极管将被导通有沿ce方向的电流,指示灯亮,不符合题意,故C错误;
D.图中,当门紧闭时,永磁体靠近干簧管,干簧管闭合,be间被短路,be间的电压很小时,三极管ce处于阻断状态,指示灯熄灭,符合题意,故D正确。
【详解】A.在插{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁56.svg}时,{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁57.svg}同时挡住{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁58.svg}的像,说明{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁59.svg}和{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁60.svg}在一条光路上,A正确;
B.折射率为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁61.svg},如图所示,利用刻度尺和三角板,测出相应的边长,即可得到玻璃的折射率,B正确;
C.光线从矩形玻璃砖上表面入射后,折射角β一定小于临界角,故从下表面射出时的入射角一定也小于临界角,所以在下表面一定不会发生全反射,C错误;
故选AB;
【小问4详解】
因为在误差允许的范围内,该图像是一条过原点的直线,故应选{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁62.svg}图像;
【小问5详解】
[1]由{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁63.svg}
得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁64.svg}
依题意可知图线斜率为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁65.svg}
解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁66.svg};
[2]即使摆球质量不均匀,用这种方法得出图线的斜率是不受影响的,故可以消除因摆球质量不均匀造成的实验误差。
16. 【答案】(1)AD (2){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁67.svg}
【小问1详解】
为了使小球1碰后不反弹,且保证两球为对心碰撞,应使两球的体积相同,球1的质量大于球2的质量。
故选AD。
【小问2详解】
为了验证小球碰撞前后动量守恒,则有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁68.svg}
由于两球均从同样高度抛出,因此两球的运动时间相等,则有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁69.svg}
即验证{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁70.svg}成立即可。
四、论述、计算题(本题共4小题,共40分)解答要求:写出必要的文字说明、方程式、演算步骤和答案。只写出最后答案的不能得分。有数值计算的题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
17. 【答案】(1){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁71.svg}
(2){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁72.svg}
(3){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁73.svg}
【小问1详解】
根据题意可知,临界角{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁74.svg}
根据折射率与临界角的关系有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁75.svg}
解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁76.svg}
【小问2详解】
根据折射率与光速的关系有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁77.svg}
结合上述解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁78.svg}
【小问3详解】
以{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁79.svg}向水面发射激光时,水中的入射角{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁80.svg}
根据折射定律有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁81.svg}
解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁82.svg}
18. 【答案】(1)向上 (2)T=0.3s,v=20 m/s
(3)0.375s,1m
【小问1详解】
已知该波正在沿x轴正方向传播,在t=0.3s时x=6m处的质点刚起振,根据“上下坡”法可判断x=6m处的质点此时向上振动,所以波源即运动员手持此绳端在t=0s时运动的方向是向上。
【小问2详解】
由图乙可知,在t=0.3s内该横波传播的距离为x=6m,正好为一个波长的长度,所以该横波的周期为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁83.svg}
波长为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁84.svg}
所以该横波的波速为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁85.svg}
【小问3详解】
根据题意可知当x=6m处的质点第一次到达波谷时,波一共传播了{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁86.svg}个周期,在这段时间里x=3m处的质点振动的时间为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁87.svg}个周期,即{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁88.svg}
走过的路程是五个振幅,即{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁89.svg}
19. 【答案】(1){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁90.svg}
(2){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁91.svg}
(3){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁92.svg}
【小问1详解】
对活塞做受力分析,有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁93.svg}
得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁94.svg}
【小问2详解】
根据盖−吕萨克定律,有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁95.svg}
得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁96.svg}
【小问3详解】
根据热力学第一定律,内能的变化{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁97.svg}
20. 【答案】(1){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁98.svg},方向竖直向上
(2){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₁99.svg}
(3){IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂00.svg},{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂01.svg}
【小问1详解】
取竖直向下为正方向,则有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂02.svg}
解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂03.svg}
即大小为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂04.svg},方向竖直向上。
【小问2详解】
设返回舱受到的平均推力大小为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂05.svg},取竖直向下为正方向,根据动量定理有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂06.svg}
解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂07.svg}
【小问3详解】
很短的时间{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂08.svg}内,以喷出的气体为研究对象,喷气质量{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂09.svg}
根据牛顿第三定律,返回舱对气体的平均推力大小为{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂10.svg},方向竖直向下,取竖直向下为正方向,根据动量定理有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂11.svg}
解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂12.svg}
根据动能定理有{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂13.svg}
每台发动机提供的功率{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂14.svg}
解得{IMG:/static/images/papers/paper₂0260815212341/formula₂15.svg}